Bharat Ratan Dr. Ambedkar and women Empowerment. (Remembering Dr. Ambedkar for women empowerment on his 135 Birth Anniversary falling 14April,2026) Compiler: Er. H. R. Phonsa, Jammu Contact 9419134060. Historical Back ground of Women enslavement. Considering sacrifices & contribution of women for the welfare of the family, in the early times of human history”, the families were Matriarchal as stated by Chins Knight in “ Engels was right”. A woman was not weaker than man, but during, menstruation, pregnancy & child birth she had to depend upon man. At times, her old parents orphaned brother -sister besides her own children lived with her so her husband ‘s support was needed, so society took the form of “Patriarchal”. When man became head of family, he tried to enslave woman and snatched all her powers to rule over family. In Vedic Period she reportedly enjoyed authority & respect in the family. The royal maids had liberty to choose their husbands in open “Sayambars (सयांबर)”.Revered Sita, Kunti, Damayanti, Darupati selected Rama, Pandu, Nala and Arjuna . But the Caste monster chased them constantly. Daropati disagree to marry Karma highly qualified and capable king of Anga, because he had low birth as a charioteer. Then no religious ceremony by man was complete without participation of his wife and Lord Rama made Sita’s presence felt in Ashawmegh Yagna , by keeping her metallic statue with Sri Rama. Such narrations of, fair side, got blackened by stories of rape and women chastity rupture by men of learning and boon awarders. Maharishi (Hermit) Gotama’s wife Ahalya chastity was out raged by “Moon, Indra dual gods and August Rishi” deceitfully.” Gautama rishi could not challenge culprits, instead cursed her to get converted into a rock for not defending her chastity. Similarly, chastity of Satyavati, a fisherman’s young daughter was reputed by Maharishi Prashar, promising that her virginity shall not be hurt. She mothered Ved Vyas Rishi, writer of Mahabharat epic story including the Gita. She later is reported to have married Shantnu, the Great grandfather of Kaurav and Pandav. (www.en.m.wikipedia). Indra’s (in Hindu mythology, the king of the gods) court apsara Menka was raped by Maharishi Vishavamitra, composer of Gyarti Mantra beside being guru of Lord Rama. Menka gave birth to Shakuntla, mother of Bharat. (www.apnapat.com). More such injustice with women is shown in Indian literature stories,. Which show little or no concern for the female’s honour by men in authority. Manusmriti verse (3/56) “Yater Narayen Pujante, Ramte Tater Devita (Where women are honoured, there the gods rejoice; where, on the other hand, they are not honoured, there all rites are fruitless.)”— (56) portrayed a woman is no less than gods and goddesses. But such praises get reduced to naught on further reading his sermons in Manusmriti, declared it having divine sanctions. It says” It is the very nature of women to corrupt men Verse 2(213); “Wife, son and slave –are without property. Whatever they may earn becomes the property of the man to whom they belong.” 8 (416. Rules like serving husbands faithfully even, if he is devoid of any good qualities verse 154 (5); a girl, a young woman, or even an old woman should not do anything independently, even in her own house Verse147 (5); A widow should be long suffering, until death, self restrained, and chaste( Abstain re marring ) and Women have no divine right to perform any religious ritual verse158 (5) ;but on getting pregnant by her forced rapes, non took the responsibility, she had to bear society’s curse single handily. In no circumstances she is allowed to assert herself independently, she has to be under the control of her father, husband or son respectively in her childhood, youth and old age including widowhood 151(5); Men may be lacking virtue, be sexual perverts, immoral and devoid of any good qualities, yet women must constantly worship and serve faithfully their husbands 5(157). So called Golden rule Of Gupta dynasty kings proved worst period for women, when Brahminical Rules & dogmas, codified against women were got strictly enforced. In Ramchariter Manas Goswami Tulsi Das Says in Arandkand salok –(9) “No body can be as vile as a woman, who for a moment’s enjoyment, does not understand the pains of hundreds of births. This epic contains still more verses to downgrade women, forgetting that the whole humanity is born from woman’s womb. The story of women suffering continues keeping of unmarried girls/ women in temples as “Dev- Dassies” , for the God’s service but were sexually abused some temple priests in the name of God’. It was ever condemned by right thinkers. Many devadasis’ latter enter prostitution, street begging, singing to earn livelihood. As per a report published in the Forward press November 2015 --- in 2007, Anti-Slavery International published a study on the practice of ritual sexual slavery or forced religious “marriage”. It found that 93 per cent of yoginis or devadasis were from the Scheduled Castes and 7 per cent from the Scheduled Tribes. As per report of The New Indian Express dated 28th Feb, 2020, there were 80,000 Devadasis in Karnataka in 2018, and their children continue protesting for help to get education. This is certainly gloomy face of India. Customs like Polygamy, polyandry, Sati, polyandry, Child marriage, illiteracy and discrimination on Sex basis including female infanticide had become their fate. Hard rules of religious peers forced widows to live a life of the hell on earth. All Bhagti Saints and many social reformers condemned such blemishing image of a woman and placed them in high esteem. They even adopted them as their disciples. Rise of Dr. Ambedkar: - With the rise of Social Polar Star from tatters in Maharashtra named Bhim,Bheeva later Dr. Ambedkar, women got their committed emancipator. Besides being rightfully called Father of Indian Constitution, Dr. Ambedkar was greatest freedom fighter, politician, academician, philosopher, thinker, economist, editor, writer, social reformer, revivalist of Buddhism and women emancipator. He blew bugle of meaningful fight against caste and sex-based discrimination. For the sake of universal human equality principles, the owner of 50,000 books in his personal library, burnt on 25th December 1927, in full public view, Manusmriti the main originator, spreader and supporter of inequality practises in Hindu Society. The book bonfire was performed by a Brahmin Sahasarbudhey, an associate of Dr. Ambedkar. This book did not show even slightest mercy to women and Shudras. Dr. Ambedkar said “Religion must mainly be a matter of principles only. It cannot be matter of rules. The moment it degenerates into rules, it ceases to be religion, as it kills responsibility, which is an essence of true religious act. “He made his life principle to speak, work & fight for the just cause of oppressed, depressed, exploited, illiterates, ill fed & ill-treated men & women. For doing so he did not care for his personnel life discomforts. His work of woman empowerment was difficult but result oriented. On March 19 & 20, 1927 he addressed a huge geathering of depressed classes, including women, and gave Clarion call to women to stand by him for liberation of themselves. He advised them to attend more to their development of mind and the spirit of self-help; He told his audiences that education was as necessary for development of women as was for men. He said, “As you are, so shall be your children”. While addressing largely attended Depressed Classes Women conference on 18-/9 July 1942, he said, “He measured the progress of a community by the degree of progress made by the women of that community. He advised, let every girl who marries, stand by her husband, claim to be her husband’s friend and equal and refuse to be his slave. He advocated avoiding early marriage and producing too many children. Give proper education to your children, so that they live a dignified life”. Government of India “Family Planning Programme (1952); Beti Bachao, Beti Parayo (2015) were fall out of the thinking of Baba Sahib Dr. Ambedkar. While chairing 4,5 ,6, 7(1942-45) Labour conferences, as Labour member of Viceroy’s Council Dr. Ambedkar advocated many labour welfare measures for labour including women. He proved himself as real Savoir of Labour Rights in India. He succeeded in providing equal wages for equal work for both male and female workers, grant of paid maternity leave to expecting mothers, banning night shifts in coal mines for women, provision of state Insurance for labour, grant of Dearness allowance, women and child labour protection, reduction of working hours from 12 to 8 hours with paid holidays, provision of provident fund, providing Indian factory act, establishing employment exchanges, provisions for labour welfare funds and many more. Baba Sahib said, “A Healthy Nation needs healthy mothers.” While strongly supporting proposed maternity benefits to women in Bombay Legislative Council in 1928 he said “---- It is in the interest of the Nation that the mother’s ought to get a certain amount of rest during the pre-natal period and also subsequently”. The Bombay Assembly had passed laws in August 1923 on the instance of S.K. Bole that all places like water bodies, dharmshalas, roads be opened for the Depressed classes people including women. Hindu Code Bill and Resign of Dr. Ambedkar, as the Law Minister: To strike last nail in the coffin of discrimination against Indian women, Dr. Ambedkar raised a new battle cry by finally submitting modified and revised Hindu Code bill to Constituent assembly on 11 April, 1947. This was under consideration since 1941 during British rule when its need was felt, but unmindful authorities for fear from Indian religious irrationals did not pursue it. He modified it on the suggestion of Pt. Nehru, despite Dr. Ambedkar’s apprehensions about its passing. This gave a great shock to the reactionary opponents in and outside of Parliament. The opponents to the Bills were mainly from the Hindu Mahasabha in and outside Parliament. Life threats were given to Dr. Ambedkar. But elite persons supported it. Justice Gajenderagadkar, an imminent Sanskrit Scholar, jurist & Judge of the Bombay High Court and later 7th CJI said, “IF DR AMBEDKAR GIVES US HINDU CODE BILL, HIS ACHIEVEMENT WOULD GO DOWN IN HISTORY AS A VERY ELOQUENT PIECE OF POETIC JUSTICE INDEED”. The Bill was not passed as framed by Baba Saheb Ambedkar due to its acute opposition, so the FIRST LAW MINISTER OF INDIA RESIGED creating a land mark history, attracting immediate attention of Union to wards women welfare, which was to be freed from caste and sex prejudices. The Bill was later passed in peace-meals manner, still all current progress of Indian women seen of Indian horizon is due smashing of saddest barrier on the road of women progress road. The Hindu Code Bill was later passed in peace-meals manner, still all current progress of Indian women seen of Indian horizon is due smashing of saddest barrier on the road of women progress road by the provisions of the same Bill. This Bill was later fall out of the following Acts and favouring women in India. The Hindu Women Right to Property Act of 1973: b) The Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961: c) The Equal Remuneration Act of 1976: d) The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956. e) The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961. f) The Medical termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971. g) The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987. h) Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 h) The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006. i) The Pre-Conception & Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994. j) Female infanticide prevention 1970 k) The Sexual Harassment of Women at Work Place (Prevention, Protection and) Act, 2013). This Bill smashed the kitchen door to free Indian women to fly high in her worldly progress sky. Today no rank in high which Indian woman cannot occupy. She has enhanced the prestige of all Union posts by occupying it , including First Citizen of India and President of Union, Prime-Minister, Union Ministers, Lok Sabha Speakers Army Generals, astronaut’s, Doctors, Engineers, Vice Chancellors etc. Still there are many discrepancies in real progress of women as: Literacy (Men 80.88% Female 64.63% Employment 2022-23 (males 71% Females 23.5%) employment, still wide gap is in such facilities for rural and unban population women. Still entry of women (10-50 years age) is banned in Sabarimala temple despite HC and SC ruling to its contrary. Unabetted rape incidents. (NCRB, 2022) reported 4,45,256 cases of crimes against women were estimated 26,337 rape cases 2025.Also researchers indicates that between 35% and 71% of rape incidents in India remain unreported, a horrifying reality. Shortcoming in health facilities for women and pre- mature deaths of children was 26.6 per 1000 in 2024. Much has been done for women welfare and still more is needs to done to realize dreams of Bharat Ratan Dr. B.R. Ambedkar for women better health. Health mothers to give birth to health children is need of Nation. The best tributes to Baba Saheb Dr. Ambedkar on his 135th Birth Anniversary is to obey in letter and spirit Our Constitution and every Indian to work for eradication of disparities on the basis of caste, creed, sex, religion, colour, place of birth and economic tags of every Indian, to fulfil his dream of welfare and dignity of every Indian.

गुरु रवि दास – एक प्रमुख रहस्यिादी (गुरु महाराज जी की 649वीीं जयींती, 1 फरवरी, 2026 की पूवव सींध्या पर) संकलनकर्ाा: इींजीनियर हेम राज फौंसा, जम्मू, 9419134060 क्योंकक अधिकाींश मामलों में, सींतों के जीवि के बारे में सींतों िे स्वयीं या उिके शशक्षित अिुयानययों िे उिके जीविकाल में ज्यादा कुछ शलखा िहीीं था । सींत स्वयीं कभी अपिी महहमा में कुछ िहीीं चाहते थे और उिके अिुयानययों में अत्यधिक निरिरता थी। उिके जीवि की कई बातें पीह़ियों तक मौखखक रूप से प्रचशलत रही। इसशलए, उिके माता-पपता, जन्म स्थाि, पाररवाररक पववरण, जानतयााँ, उिके वास्तपवक जीवि से जुडे नतधथयााँ, जजिमें जन्म और मृत्यु शाशमल हैं, के बारे में भ्रम और पवरोिाभास बाद में वास्तपवक तथ्यों के साथ शमधित हो गए। आिुनिक लेखकों के अिुसार महाराज कबीर जी िे 1518 ईस्वी में अपिा साींसाररक शरीर त्याग हदया था, लेककि उिका पहला दजव जीवि वृत्ाींत 1585 में, िब्बा दास (1537-1643) की भगत माल में सामिे आया, जजसमें कई और पूवव सींतों के जीवि घटिाएाँ भी शाशमल थीीं। इसशलए, कुछ वास्तपवक तथ्य गायब रह गए। इसशलए, समय के साथ कुछ जोड-तोड, पररवतवि और रहस्यों में शभन्िताएाँ होिे की सींभाविा को िकारा िहीीं जा सकता। (सींत कबीर, शाींनत सेठी, आर एस एस बी-पृष्ठ 11) बाद में लेखकों िे पवशभन्ि स्रोतों से अलग-अलग सींकेत इकट्ठा ककए, अपिे पवचार और राय शमलाए, जो समय-समय पर एक-दूसरे से शभन्ि भी हो सकते थे। दशलत सींतों के मामले में यह सींस्करण और अधिक प्रासींधगक था। पवशभन्ि पवद्वािों द्वारा ककए गए पवशभन्ि शोि कायों की लींबी चचाव और तुलिा के बाद, कुछ तथ्यों को सबसे स्वीकायव मािा गया। प्रनतजष्ठत गुरु रपवदास के जीवि के बारे में व्यापक रूप से स्वीकृत तथ्य यहााँ हदए गए हैं। पर पवशभन्ि लेखकों की राय में अभी भी अींतर बिा हुआ है। गुरु रपवदास का जन्म माघ पूखणवमा (रपववार) को सींवत 1471-ब (1414 ई.) में माींडीवा थीि में चमार जानत के िी रघु और िीमती माता कमाव देवी के घर हुआ था, जजसे अब बिारस के पास गोविवि पुरा कहा जाता है। कुछ पवद्वािों िे उिके माता-पपता के िाम िी सींतोष दास और िीमती माता कलसी देवी के रूप में हदए हैं। गुरु रपव दास िे 126 वषव का उच्च जीवि काल जजया और 1540 ईस्वी में आिींद के सवोच्च महासागर या ब्रहमाींड के निमावता में वापस शाशमल होिे के शलए अपिे िश्वर शरीर को छोड हदया। हालाींकक, कुछ पवद्वाि उिके 151 साल के जीवि काल का हवाला देते हैं। लेककि प्रामाखणक जािकारी के अभाव में ऐसी चीजें होिा लाजजमी है। गुरु रपव दास का जन्म ऐसे समय में हुआ था जब रूह़िवादी और अींि-पवश्वासी हहींदू और मुजस्लम पुजाररयों िे जन्म और मृत्यु के चक्र से मुजक्त के एकमात्र तरीकों के रूप में अिुष्ठाि, बाहरी शरीर की सजावट, जािवरों की वली देिा, पवशभन्ि स्थािों की यात्रा करिा, पवशभन्ि िहदयों में स्िाि करिा, अपिी पपवत्र िाशमवक पुस्तकों का पाठ आहद को अपिाया था। हहींदुओीं िे शूद्रों के शलए अपिे सभी पूजा स्थलों (मींहदरों), स्कूलों, सरकारी सेवाओीं में प्रवेश या निजी िेत्रों में सम्मािजिक सेवाओीं को बींद कर हदया था। इसके बजाय मिु द्वारा बिाए गए नियमों के अिुसार शूद्रों को ब्राहमणों, खत्र्यों और वैश्यों के सबसे गींदे कतवव्य सौंपे गए। शूद्रों दूसरों की बची हुई खािे की चीजों (झूठिा) खािे, और अन्य जानतयों के पुरािे फटे कपडे पहििे के शलए मजबूर ककया जाता था। गुरु रपव दास के श्लोकों की समृद्धि को ध्याि में रखते हुए, उिमें से 40 को गुरु अजुवि देव जी द्वारा िी गुरु ग्रींथ साहहब में शाशमल ककया गया था। गुरु रपवदास िे जानत प्रथा की निींदा की जो अस्वाभापवक कािूिों पर आिाररत है और सद्गुण को बिाए रखा, यह कहते हुए; “यहद कोई ब्राहमण बबिा सद्गुण का है, तो उसका पूजि ि करो, हे रपव दास, बजकक एक चाींडाल के चरणों की पूजा करो, यहद वह सद्गुण से पूणव पाया जाए।” गुरु रपवदास िे आगे कहा, “यहद तुम ब्राहमण (जन्म से उच्च) माता से पैदा हुए हो, तो क्यों िहीीं तुम ककसी अन्य शरीर मागव से जन्मे?” गुरु जी एक महाि लोकताींबत्रक पवचारक: - गुरु रपवदास िे महाि क्राींनतकारी लोकताींबत्रक सोच को गनत दी और शासकों को सलाह दी कक वे अपिे सभी प्रजाओीं को समाि और सम्मािजिक आजीपवका का सािि प्रदाि करें, और उन्हें यह सलाह दी कक ऐसा चाहूीं राज में, यहाीं शमले सबि को अन्ि। छौट बरों सम रहें, रपवदास रहें प्रसन्ि। "मैं ऐसे राज्य चाहता हूाँ जहााँ हर कोई अच्छी तरह भोजि करे, और सभी को सौहादवपूववक रहिा चाहहए, तभी रपवदास खुश हैं।" गुरु रपवदास जी िे सभी के शलए रहिे के शलए सबसे उत्म स्थाि को “बेगमपुरा” यािी सुख का िगर बताया। उन्होंिे इसे इस प्रकार वखणवत ककया: “बेगमपुरा शहर का िाम है। वहाीं दुुःख और शोक िहीीं होते। बेगमपुरा, 'शोक रहहत िगर', शहर का िाम है। वहाीं कोई पीडा या धचींता िहीीं है। उन्होंिे इसे और पवस्तार से समझाया कक यह ऐसा स्थाि है जहााँ कोई परेशािी या वस्तुओीं पर ,कर, िहीीं होता। वहााँ कोई डर, दोष या पति िहीीं होता। उन्होंिे कहा कक उन्होंिे यह सवोत्म िगर पाया है। वहााँ स्थायी शाींनत और सुरिा है, हे भाग्य के भाईयों। अब मुझे यह सबसे उत्म िगर शमला है। वहााँ स्थायी शाींनत और सुरिा है, हे भाग्य के भाईयों। (रहाओ) गुरु जी िे इस पद को इस प्रकार समाप्त ककया कक गुरु रपवदास जी, एक मुक्त-धचत् चमडे की वस्तुएाँ बिािे वाले कहते हैं, जो भी वहााँ का िागररक है, वह मेरा शमत्र है। गुरु रपवदास िे िाशमवक दृजष्ट से गुलाम बि चुके अछूतों को उिकी गुलामी की जींजीरों को तोडिे का आहवाि ककया और उन्हें सलाह दी: परािीि का दीि कहााँ, परािीि बबि दीि,-- रपवदास दास परािीि को सब ही समझे हीि। अथावत: गुलामों की कोई िमव िहीीं है क्योंकक सभी उन्हें कमजोर और अछूत समझते हैं। इसी पवषय पर िी गुरु रपवदास िे अछूतों को सलाह दी कक वे अपिी कमजोरी और गुलामी की जींजीरों को छोड दें। उन्होंिे कहा: परािीि पाप है, जाि शलयो हे मीट। रपवदास दास परािीि को कौि करे है प्रीत। अथावत: गुलामी एक िाप है और कोई भी उसे सम्माि या प्यार िहीीं देता, ऐसा रपवदास कहते हैं। गुरु रपवदास िे सववशजक्तमाि के नियम का उपदेश हदया कक सभी को पालि करिा चाहहए। गुरु रपवदास िे कहा सववशजक्तमाि प्रभु िे सभी को समाि बिाया है और अलग-अलग जानतयों के लोगों में कोई अींतर िहीीं हो सकता। उन्होंिे कहा, यहद सींसार उत्पन्ि हुआ है, उसी आत्मा (ज्योनत) से तो कोई कैसे ककसी में शभन्िता ला सकता है? ऊाँचे और िीच, ब्राहमण या चमडडया (चमार) में। उन्होंिे आगे समझाया और कहा, जानत मत पूछो “ओ” रपवदास, कुल या जानत में क्या है? ब्राहमण, िबत्रय, वैश्य, या शूद्र, सब एक ही जानत के हैं। इसका समथवि करते हुए िी गुरु रपवदास िे कहा कक जब तक जानत मौजूद है, मािवों के बीच ऐसा लगता है कक भारत का सींपविाि तैयार करते समय बाबा साहेब डॉ. अींबेडकर िे हमारे सींपविाि को समािता, भाईचारे के मूल शसद्िाींतों पर आिाररत ककया और पुरािे समय की जानतवाद की घृणा को दूर ककया। जजसके बबिा सामुदानयक भाईचारा व एकता सींभव िहीीं है। रपव दास जैसे सच्चे सींत भगवाि की प्राजप्त, प्रेम और भगवाि की भजक्त के सच्चे सींदेश का प्रचार करिे के शलए इस दुनिया में आते हैं, वे अन्य िमों की निींदा िहीीं करते हैं बजकक हठिशमवता और अिुष्ठािों की मिाही करते हैं। गुरु रपवदास िे कहा, जो लोग आींतररक रूप से प्रेम में िहीीं रींगे हैं, परन्तु केवल बाहरी प्रदशवि करते हैं, वे मृत्यु की दुनिया में जाएींगे, वास्तव में रपव दास कहते हैं। गुरु रवि दास िाणी: गुरु रपव दास के भजिों की आध्याजत्मक समृद्धि को ध्याि में रखते हुए, उिमें से 40 को 5-वें शसख गुरु, िी गुरु अजुवि देव जी द्वारा पपवत्र ग्रींथ साहहब में शाशमल ककया गया था। ये भजि निम्िशलखखत रागों के अींतगवत आते हैं – शसरी (1), गौरी (5), आसा (6), गुजरी (1), सोरठ (7), ििसारी (3), जैतसारी (1), सुही (3), बबलावल (2), गौंड (2), रामकली (1), मारू (2), केदारा (1), भैरू (1), बसींत (1), और मकहार (3) । “अमृर्बाणी गुरु रविदास जी”: यह रपवदाशसया कौम के सींत समाज द्वारा गुरु रपवदास की बाणी पर पवश्वपवद्यालयों द्वारा गहि शोि के बाद बिाई गई और सींत समाज (ढेरा सचखींड बकलाीं, जालींिर, पींजाब के पास जस्थत है) द्वारा गुरु रपवदास जी महाराज के अिुयानययों को गुरु रपवदास जी की 633वीीं जयींती के अवसर पर 30 जिवरी 2011 को िी गुरु रपवदास जन्मस्थाि मींहदर, सीर गोविविपुर, वाराणसी में घोपषत की गई। अमृतवाणी गुरु रपवदास जी में 140 भजि, 40 पडे, पैंती अखरी, बाणी हफ्तावार, बाणी पींद्रह नतधथ, बारह मास उपदेश, दोहरा, साींझ बाणी, अिमोल वचि (शमलिी दे समय), लावााँ- सुहाग स्तुनत, मींगलाचार , इसके अलावा गुरु ग्रन्थ साहहब में शाशमल40 श्लोकों, के साथ 231 भजि शाशमल हैं। सच्चा राम नाम :गुरु रपवदास जी के, िी गुरु ग्रींथ साहहब में आए 40 श्लोक श्लोकों में, 22 बार "राम" का िाम आया है। वह स्पष्ट रूप से पररभापषत करिा चाहते थे कक "राम" से उिका अथव है, जीवि िारा, अवणविीय शजक्त या पार-ब्रहम परमात्मा। तो गुरु जी िे कहा "रपवदास हमारा राम जी, दशरथ का सुत िहीीं, राम हमी में रम-रेहयो, पवश्व कटुम्ब माहे। अवणविीय शजक्त “राम”, जजसकी वह पूजा करते हैं, वह “राम जी” िहीीं हैं, जो राजा दशरथ के पुत्र थे त्रेता युग में, बजकक शजक्त पार-ब्रहम निवासी परमात्मा हैं, जो ब्रहमाींड में सभी जीवों में व्याप्त हैं। (सींदभव: वाणी सतगुरु रपवदास जी पृष्ठ 140, अमृत रसिा िी गुरु रपवदास जी पृष्ठ 34) । िी गुरु िािक देव जी महाराज िे अवणविीय शजक्त के बारे में अपिे जापुजी साहहब के मूल मींत्र में कहा: इक ओींकार सत िाम करताओ पुरख निभावओ निवैर अकाल मूरत अजूनि सैभीं गुर प्रसाद। अिुवाद: एक साववभौशमक सृजि-कताव ईश्वर। िाम ही सत्य है। सृजिात्मा प्रत्यि है। निुःसींदेह। बबिा द्वेष के, कालातीत रूप, जन्म के परे, स्वतींत्र अजस्तत्व वाला।वह गुरु की कृपा से शमलिे वाला है । आसाि शब्दों में, इसका मतलब है कक वह केवल एक ही जगत का स्रष्टा है, जजसे ककसी से भय िहीीं है, ककसी के प्रनत द्वेष िहीीं है, वह स्थायी है, समय, जन्म और मृत्यु के परे है और स्वयीं-भापवत अजस्तत्व वाला है। उसे केवल अिुभवी गुरु की कृपा से ही प्राप्त ककया जा सकता है। यहााँ तक कक मुजस्लम सींतों िे भी 'उसे' अब्दुल-अलमीि के रूप में वखणवत ककया है, ि कक अब्दुल मुलमीि के रूप में, जजसका अथव है - पूरे ब्रहमाींड का अकलाह, केवल मुसलमािों का ही अकलाह िहीीं। ('अब्दुल' अरबी में 'का सेवक' का मतलब है और यह इस्लामी सींस्कृनत में ईश्वर के सींदभव में िामों का हहस्सा होिे के रूप में सामान्य रूप से उपयोग ककया जाता है) । ईसा मसीह जी िे कहा मैं और मेरे पपता एक ही हैं । जीविर् गुरु की आिश्यकर्ा: भगवाि तब ही सुलभ हो जाता है जब वह मािव रूप िारण करता है। चूाँकक भगवाि निराकार हैं, इसशलए मिुष्यों के शलए उन्हें देखिा या पकडिा सींभव िहीीं है, जजसके बबिा मिुष्य पूणव रूप िहीीं बि सकता और इस दुनिया में पार-ब्रहम स्तर तक िहीीं पहुाँच सकता। ऐसी ही, शुद्ि आत्मा वाले मािव रूप को सींतों द्वारा गुरु कहा जाता है। इसशलए, गुरु भगवाि का अवतार है। सींत बुकले शाह िे कहा, “भगवाि (मोकला) िे मािव यिी (गुरु) का रूप िारण ककया है।” गुरु अजुवि देव जी िे कहा, िािक कहते हैं, यह राम (भगवाि) का नियम है, बबिा गुरु (आदरणीय) के कोई मुजक्त िहीीं पा सकता। सत गुरु कबीर िे कहा, “प्रभु के सच्चे उपासक की पूजा करो।” गुरु रपव दास िे कहा, भगवाि, गुरु और सींत चेतिा में समाि हैं। यह सभी शास्त्रों का भौनतक-आध्याजत्मक मूल सत्य है, उिके बीच कोई अींतर मत करो। यहााँ तक कक अगर तुम्हें आरी से काटे जािे का ददव सहिा पडे। ऐसा शुद्ि जागृत आत्मा वाला मािव रूप, सींतों द्वारा गुरु कहा जाता है। इसशलए गुरु भगवाि का ही सव-रूप होता है अवतार होता है। गुरु रपवदास िे कहा, “ईश्वर, गुरु और सींत, चेतिा में एक ही हैं।” गुरु रपवदास के शशष्यों में मीरा- बाई, झालीबाई,राजा पीपा, रािा साींगा और कई अन्य शाशमल थे। उन्होंिे अपिे शशष्यों को स्वीकार करिे में पुरुषों और महहलाओीं में कोई भेदभाव िहीीं ककया। कहा जाता है कक गुरु रपवदास की गुरु िािक से तीि बार भेंट हुई। गुरु रपवदास िे अपिे शशष्यों को सलाह दी कक वे स्वच्छ जीवि जजएाँ, स्वयीं के भोजि या देवी-देवताओीं के खुश करिे के शलए बशलदाि के शलए ककसी भी जािवर की हत्या से बचें, शराब या ककसी अन्य िशे की वस्तु का सेवि कभी ि करें। माींस खािे की मिाई : गुरु रपवदास िे कहा, “जो माींस खाते हैं, वे वास्तव में अपिी ही धगरद्रींसी काटते हैं। जो कोई माींसाहारी है, उसे िरक में जािा पडेगा,” रपव दास कहते हैं। खु शराब पीना की मनाई : उन्होंिे कहा, “यहद शराब गींगा के पपवत्र जल से भी बिाई जाए, तो सींत उसे िहीीं पीते।” गुरु रपव दास िे दुनिया को ईश्वर प्राजप्त, प्रेम और भगवाि के प्रनत भजक्त का सच्चा सींदेश हदया, उिकी रचिाओीं से प्रेम के माध्यम से उन्होंिे अन्य िमों की निींदा िहीीं की, बजकक हठिशमवता और अिुष्ठािों की निींदा की। गुरु रपवदास िे कहा: जो लोग आींतररक रूप से प्रेम में रींगे िहीीं हैं, परन्तु केवल एक बाहरी प्रदशवि करते हैं। वे मृत्यु(जन्म और मृत्यु का चक्र) की दुनिया में जाएींगे, वास्तव में यही रपव दास कहते हैं। गुरु नानक ने कहा: जजि प्यार ककया, नति ही प्रभ पाया। िी गुरु रपवदास िे उपदेश हदया कक ईश्वर की प्राजप्त केवल एक सच्चे िाम के प्रनत भजक्त के माध्यम से हो सकती है, ि कक उि व्यजक्तयों के माध्यम से जो हठिशमवता का प्रचार करते हैं, जािवरों को डराते हैं, जींगलों में घूमते हैं, स्वयीं की तपस्या करते हैं, आहद। उन्होंिे कहा कक जो लोग आींतररक रूप से प्रेम में रींगे िहीीं हैं, बजकक केवल बाहरी प्रदशवि करते हैं, उन्हें मृत्यु के बाद शाींनत िहीीं शमलेगी। ईश्वर तभी सुलभ हो पाता है जब वह मािव रूप िारण करके इस सींसार में मिुष्य के स्तर पर आ जाता है, जैसे मूनतवयाीं निजीव होती हैं, पशु-पिी हमसे सींवाद िहीीं कर सकते, अतीत के आदरणीय सींत और महाि व्यजक्त/आत्मा ईश्वर के समाि दूर हैं, इसशलए एक जीपवत सींत या गुरु ही हमारा मागवदशवि कर सकते हैं। गुरु रविदास ने कहा, “ईश्वर, गुरु और सींत, चेतिा में एक ही हैं। गुरु रविदास के शशष्यों में मीरा बावरी, राजा पीपा, रािा साींगा और कई अन्य शाशमल थे। उन्होंिे अपिे शशष्यों को स्वीकार करिे में पुरुषों और महहलाओीं में कोई भेदभाव िहीीं ककया। कहा जाता है कक गुरु रपवदास की गुरु िािक से तीि बार भेंट हुई। गुरु रपवदास िे अपिे शशष्यों को सलाह दी कक वे स्वच्छ जीवि जजएाँ, अपिे स्वयीं के आहार या देवताओीं को प्रसन्ि करिे के शलए, मिुष्य को ककसी भी जािवर को िहीीं मारिा चाहहए, शराब या ककसी अन्य िशे की वस्तु का सेवि कभी ि करें। गुरु रपवदास िे कहा, “जो लोग माींस खाते हैं, वे वास्तव में अपिी ही गदवि काटते हैं जो कोई माींसाहारी है, उसे िरक में जािा पडेगा,” रपव दास कहते हैं। गुरु रपवदास िे सभी के शलए प्रेम, भगवाि के प्रनत भजक्त, साववभौशमक भाईचारा, ईमािदारी से जीपवका कमािे और उस सबको त्यागिे का सींदेश फैलाया, जो ईश्वर की आत्मसािात्कार में मदद िहीीं करता। ऐसा करके वह भगवाि के साथ एक हो गए। रपवदास िे कहा। गुरु रपवदास का 649वाीं जन्महदि 01 फरवरी, 2026 को है और इसे भारत भर में ही िहीीं बजकक कई पवदेशी देशों में भी िद्िा के साथ मिाया जाएगा। गुरु जी को याद करिे का सबसे अच्छा तरीका उिके आदशों का पालि करिा है, जजसमें प्रेम, करुणा और जानत भेदभाव को त्यागिा शाशमल है। जो भी लोग, उच्च और निम्ि जानतयों के आिार पर जो मािवों के बीच िफरत फैलाते हैं, उन्हें चुिौती देते हुए, कािूि और महागुरु रपवदास जी महाराज िे सभी मािवों को स्पष्ट रूप से शसखाया: "ककसी भी मािव से िफरत करिा ब्रहमाींड के स्रष्टा से िफरत करिे के समाि है, क्योंकक हर मािव परमात्मा की सींरचिा है।" गुरु जी की जयींती समारोह के हदि उन्हें याद करिे का सबसे अच्छा तरीका उिके प्रेम, करुणा के आदशों का पालि करिा और मािवों के बीच जानत भेदभाव त्यागिे को कहा ।

GURU RAVI DASS –A- PREEMINENT MYSTIC ( Guru Ji’s 649th birthday falls on 1 Feb. Feubary,2026 ) Compiler: Er.H.R.Phonsa,Jammu,9419134060 “So purifying is Guru Ravi Dass, that the dust of his holy feet is worshiped by all.” Said Guru Nabha Dass. Since in majority cases not much was written down about the lives of the saints, by saints themselves or their educated devotees. Saints never wanted anything in their glorification and there was wide spread illiteracy among their devotees. Many things about their life events are carried orally through ages. So confusions and contradictions mixed up later about their parenthoods, places of birth, family details, religion or castes, dates associated with their life facts including births and deaths. Later writers collected different clues from different sources forming their own views, at times varying with one another. In case of Dalit saints this version had more relevancies. After long discussions and comparison of different research works by different scholars, some facts were churned out to be most acceptable. The largely accepted facts about the life of revered Goru Ravi Das are given here. Whereas differences in different writers still persists. Guru Ravi Dass was born on Magh Purnima (Sunday)in Samvat 1471 ( 1414 AD ) to Shri Raghu & Shrimati Mata Karma Devi of Chamar caste at Mandiva Thein ,now called Goverdhan Pura near Banaras Some scholars give the names of his parents as Sh. Santosh Dass & Shrimati Mata Kalsi Devi . Guru Ravi Dass lived an exalted `life span of 126 years & left his mortal frame in 1540 AD to join back into the supreme ocean of Bliss or the Creator of Universe. However, some scholars quote his life span of 151 years. But for want of authentic information such things are bound to happen. Guru Ravi Dass was born at a time when the orthodox and superstitious Hindu & Muslim priests had adopted rituals, Exterior body decorations, scarifying animals, visiting different places, bathing in different rivers, recitations of their Holy religious books etc. as sole methods of salvation from the circle of births & deaths. The Hindus had closed all their places of worships (temples), schools, entry into Government services or honorable services in private sectors for Shudras. ,Instead Shudras assigned to them most dirtiest duties for the Brahmans , Khatriyas & Vaishayas as per Rules framed by Manu All decent living were ruled out for them. Keeping richness of Guru Ravi Dass’s verses in view, 40 of them were incorporated into Sri Guru Granth Sahib by Guru Arjun Dev ji, Guru Ravi Dass denounced caste system which is based on un-natural laws & upheld Virtue by saying ; “If a Brahmin is virtue less, Offer him no worship ‘O ‘Ravi Dass, Worship instead the feet of a Chandal, If he is Found full of virtue.” Guru Rravidas further said “If thou are born to Brahmin (Superior by birth ) mother , why you have not born through a different body aperture route .” Guru Ji a Great Democrat:- Guru Ravidass set in motion great revolutionary democratic thinking so advised the rulers to provide equal and decent means of livelihood to all their subjects advising them as, Asa Chahun Raj Main,Yahan Mile Saban Ko Ann. Shoot Baro Sam Rahain,Ravidas Rahe Parsann. “I want kingdoms where every one is well-fed, And all should live in harmony, Ravi Dass is happy only then”. Guru Ravidass gave a call to religiously enslaved un-touchable to cut the chains of their slavery and advised them Pradeen Ka Dheen Kaya, Pra Dheen Bin Dheen,-- Ravidass Dass Pradheen Ko Sab Hee Samjey Heen Meaning:-The enslaves have no religion as all take or treat him weak and untouchable On the same subject Shri Guru Ravidass advised untouchable to shed away feeling of being weak and Enslavement chains , He said:- Pradheen Pap Hai, Jan Liyo Hey Meet Ravidass Dass Pradheen Ko Koun Kare Hai Preet Meaning:- Enslavement is curse and n o body respects or loves to him sayth Ravidasss Guru Ravi Dass preached the rule of Almighty to follow:- Almighty has created everybody equal and there cannot be any difference between persons of different castes. He said, If the world has arisen, From the same SPIRIT (Flame) How can any body bring about any distinction? Between high & low, Brahman or cobbler (Chamar). He further elaborated by saying, Ask not caste “O” Ravi Dass, What is there in clan or caste? Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaish, or Shudra, All belong to the same caste. The true saints like Ravi Dass come to this world to preach true message of God realization, Love & devotion to Lord, they don’t denounce other religions but dogmas & rituals. Guru RaviDass said, Those who are not dyed internally in love, But merely make an outer display, They will go to the world of death, Truly doth Ravi Dass state. Guru Ravi Vani:-Keeping in view spiritual richness of Guru Ravi Dass’s hymns, 40 of them were incorporated into the Holy Granth Sahib by Shri Guru Arjun Dev ji, the 5th Sikh Guru the compilerof it.These Hymns fall under the following Ragas – Siri (1), Gauri (5), Asa(6), Gujari(1), Sorath(7), Dhanasari(3), Jaitsari(1), Suhi(3), Bilaval(2), Gaund(2), Ramkali(1), Maru(2), Kedara(1), Bhairau(1), Basant(1), and Malhar(3) in the holy Granth Sahib Amritbani Guru Ravidass Ji” :- It was formed by the Sant Samaj of Ravidassia qaum after thorough research of Guru Ravidass Bani by universities and announced by the Sant Samaj (Dera Sach Khand Ballan near Jalander City Punjab) to the followers of Guru Ravidass Ji Maharaj on the 633rd anniversary of the birth of Guru Ravidass Ji at Shri Guru Ravidass Janam AsthanMandir, Seer Govardhanpur, Varanasi on 30 January 2011. Amritvani Guru Ravidass Ji contains 140 Hymns, 40 pade, painti akhri, bani haftawar,bani pandran tithi, baran maas updesh, dohra, saand bani,anmol vachan (milni de samen), laawaan,suhag ustat,manglachar, besides 231 saloks along with 40 Hymns contained in Guru Granth Sahib. Need of a living Master (Guru);-. God becomes accessible only when He takes human Since God is formless, so it is not possible for humans to see or catch Him, without which man cannot become perfect form & come to the level of human in this world . This human form of pure spirit is called Guru by the saints. So, Guru is God’s incarnation. Sain Bulleh Shah Said “God (Molla ) hath taken the form of man (Guru)” Guru Arjun Dev Ji Said, Nanak Says, This is the rule of Ram (God), Nobody shall get salvation, With out Guru (Master) Sat Guru Kabir Said “Worship thou the true worshiper of the Lord.” Guru Ravi Dass Said, God, Guru & Saint, Are the same in consciousness? This is the metaphysical essential truth of all scriptures, Make no difference between them Even, if, you have to bear the pain of being cut with a saw. Such human form of pure spirit is called Guru by the saints. So Guru is God incarnation. Guru Ravi Dass preach to the world true message of God realization, Love & devotion to Lord, through loving His creations he didn’t denounce other religions but dogmas & rituals. Guru RaviDass said, “Those who are not dyed internally in love, But merely make an outer display, They will go to the world of death, Truly doth Ravi Dass state”. Sri Guru Ravidas, preached that God realization can only be through devotion to a true Naam dyed or realized saint and , not through Persons who preach dogmas, animal scarifying, roaming in jungles, observing self made austerities, etc. He said those who are not dyed internally in love, but merely make an outer display shall not find peace after death. God becomes accessible only when He takes human form & come to the level of human in this world, as idols are lifeless, the animals & birds cannot communicate with us, the past respectable Saints and Noble persons/ Souls are as far away as God, so a living Saint or Master can only guide us. Guru Ravi Dass Said “God, Guru & Saint, Are the same in consciousness.” Among guru Ravidas’s disciples were Meerabai, Raja Peepa ,Rana sanga many more He did not create distinction between males and females, while adopting themas his disciples.. Guru Ravidas is said to have Three meetings with Guru Nanak. Guru Ravidas advised his disciples to lead a clean life, refrain from animal killing for eating or scarifying before gods & Goddesses, never take wine or any other intoxicants. Guru Ravi Dass said, “Those who eat meat, they in fact cut their own throat, For whosoever is meat eater, he will have to go to hell “sayeth Ravi Dass.” He further said, “Even ,if wine is made with Holy water of Ganga ,Saints drink it not.” Guru Ravi Dass spread the message of love for all, devotion to Lord, universal brotherhood, honest earning for livelihood & to discard all that does not help in God realization. By doing so he became one with Lord. Said, Ravidas. Guru Ravi Dass’s 649th birthday is falling on01st Feb. 2026 and the same shall be celebrated throughout India besides in many foreign countries with reverence. The best way to remember Guru Ji is to follow his ideals of love,compassion and discard caste divisions, between human’s .

Need, and Writing the Constitution for Free India. (On the eve of celebration of the 77th Indian Republic Day falling on 26th January,2026) Compiler: Er. H. R. Phonsa India was freed on 15th Agust,1947 from the Britishers after nearly 200 years of their rule. At the time of independence, nearly 60% of its territory was under direct rule of Britishers and remaining over 40% was ruled by the Native Princely ruled (nearly 584) states. At the time of Indian independence, India, was 7th big country of this world, have spread over3.287 million Sq. cometographical area. It was in habituated by 330 million population. Its people followed main 9 religions, speaking over 19500 languages and dialects. To govern this much big country with incalculable problems, divergent religious faiths, it needed a workable form of government. It also had to amicably decide the fate and relation with Native Princely rulers who have enjoyed Sovern governing powers with in their kingdoms while maintaining internal autonomy but recognized British authority for defence and foreign affairs. They needed human mindset and political vision of new Indian government to decide their fate in free India. So as per Cabinet Mission of August ,1946, elections to Provincial Assemblies were held and a committee of 389 elected representatives were appointed to frame the free India’s Constitution with 93 representatives of the Native kings and 4 representatives from the Chief Commissioners were nominated. The team included 73 members from the All-India Muslim League (IML). With India’s division into two Independent Unions e.g. India and Pakistan, there remained 299(193 Hindu incl. 33 SC members to frame Constitution of India. It was represented by 13 women, with Shrimati Dakshayani Velayudhan from SC communities. On division of Indian Union, the native kings were given three options like either joining India or Pakistan or remain independent. Three kingdoms Hyderabad, J&K, Junagarh) opted to remain independent in the first instant, but later became part of India, by Police Action of Hydrabad, Accession of Kashmir and take over of Junagarh through plebiscite, when India got 222,184 votes and Pakistan 130 votes, out of total population of 720,000. The job of drafting constitution of free India was started in right earnest, when twenty -Two committees, with 8 as major and 14 as minor were formed to frame Constitution for free India. Baba Saheb Bhim Rao Ambedkar was nominated to head the Constitution Drafting Committee by Dr. Rajinder Prasad’, who was nominated to head the Constitution framing committee as he the first President India. Choice of type of Government: There exited a variety of government in the world and India had to choose one from them. Democratic: Direct Democracy, Representative Democracy (Republic Government, Parliamentary Government), Constitutional monarchy Non-Democratic: Authoritarian, Totalitarian, Oligarchy, Technocracy, Theocracy, Dictatorship, Absolute monarchy, Semi-presidential republic, one-party communist state. Other Types: Autocratic, Coloristic. India had the experienced major types of such governments during different times. Till, first century it had democratic typed governments. The Sangha were Parliaments which knew and observed all the rules of Parliamentary Procedure known to modern times. They had rules regarding seating arrangements, rules regarding Motions, Resolutions, Quorum, Whip, Counting of Votes, Voting by Ballot, Censure Motion, Regularization, Res Judicata (a matter judged), etc. It has seen monarchical rules of kings, where King was Judge, policeman, administer, treasury officer, executor and forgiver of punishments. If a king or his representative committed mistake and unjustified cruelty there was no remedy available, as king was not answerable to any other authority. Raja was beyond the approach of poor and uninfluential persons as he remained surrounded by his relatives, sycophants wazirs, religious peers, army, police heads etc. Kings were from caste conscious family’s hierarchy or by military rebellions. Their main concern was protection of their territories, concern for their personal comforts strictly follow their family and religion norms and worked for progress of such concerns. Well-fair of masses was seen as their last worry. Masses suffered due to irrational and strict religious rules. In past world had witnessed in some country’s theocracy rule, where the ultimate leader is a supreme deity, who rules either directly as a god in human form or indirectly through mortal servants—typically a religious clergy—who ruled on the deity’s behalf. With their laws based on religious codes and decrees, the governments of theocracies serve their divine leader or leaders rather than the citizens. As a result, theocracies were often oppressive in function, with strict rules and harsh punishments for rule-breakers. In the past the religious clergies, confidents of kings troubled intectual’s like Galileo, Socrates, Plato, Haqiqat Rai, Sarmad, Guru Tej Bahadur along with his young grand- sons ,Guru Arjun Dev, Sham- buke and many more were put to death for uncontested crimes. Even the success of government based on Russian and China type Communists governments, in major Hindu religion divided in numerous castes based, practising untouchability like hates was thought to be impactable in modern time of science-based advancing world. Irrational laws were resisted by men of wisdom who expounded rational reformative ways like Bhagati and Protestant Movements, till now, their teaching are not accepted by irrational religion peers. Majority of above given types of government were not suited to India, as it had majority population of illiterates (12% literacy with males 19% literates), uninfluential, poor, caste supressed and segregated masses, who needed equality in social, economic fields and dignified rational law-based government, their long-time cherished dream. Prime Minister Pt. Nehru suggested the name of Sir Ivor Jennings (1903-1965) a British lawyer, to frame Indian Constitution. But the proposal was not approved by Mahatma Gandhi, who wanted a native Indian to be assigned such an important work to maintain country’s image that it can manage its affairs in its own way. Mahatma Gandhi suggested Dr. Ambedkar’s name for the Constitution writing, he knew the wisdom of Dr. Ambedkar a highest economist with D. Sc from London University and top jury with Bar-at-Law from Gray’s Inn London. Although Dr. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi were severe critics of each other in respect of politics and empowering Depressed classes in all life sphere’s, still they carried respect for each other in their private life for each other’s wisdom, sacrifices and commitments for Indian welfare and human values. Dr. Ambedkar who was assigned the job of Drafting Constitution for India was a top world class academician, having studied in world’s top and reputed Institutions and had earned his D.Sc. (London), M.A., Ph.D., and LL.D. (Columbia), D.Litt. (Osmania), and Bar-at-Law (London) besides many Honorary Degrees from world famous institutions of learning. He had studies 64 subjects, knew 10 languages besides studying world’s Constitutions and meeting world constitution authorities. He also had mass following of poor, depressed, supressed, neglected, illiterate, naked, ill fed human like Skelton of mass. But they were numbered millions, about 20% of Hindu Population. He was world class writer, economist, jurist and administrator, who had served on high positions in India including the Labour Member of Viceroy’s council besides having his own political party “All India Scheduled Castes Federation”. For drafting constitution of free India, the most important committee was the Constitution drafting Committee of seven members, headed by Dr. Ambedkar, the first Law Minister of free India was formed formulated on 29 August,1947, with primary duty to scrutinize and frame the Constitution. The committee worked under challenging circumstances to prepare a comprehensive exclusive legal frame work for free India. First draft copy of the Constitution was submitted on 21st February 1948. The committee worked dedicatedly for 2 years,11 months and 18 days to draft it. The final copy was submitted on 26th November,1949 of the world’s voluminous Constitution with 117369 words, and 234 pages and costing to Nation Rs 6.4 million. It contained initially 395 Articles in 22 parts and 8 Schedules The constitution drafting committee adopted democratic type government for India to be elected, every five years, through adult franchise. It was debated and adopted as the best form of government out of all forms of governments known to rule India. Now, no individual was singly powerful in governing arrangements envisaged, as real power lied with masses, in equal proportion as individual. Democracy is top choice of governance, as in 2024 in the 195 world countries 71 have democracies with India largest of all. The Preamble: It is mirror and scale to view and measure, the actions of governments, whether they are following constitution correctly or not, in their working and policies of constitutional promises of chieving the set goals of governance, to make India a welfare state. It was defined, by eminent Indian jurists, N.A. Palkhivala as the “Identity Card of the Constitution” and K.M. Munshi as, the “Political Horoscope of the Constitution”. The Preamble reads as: WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION. The Preamble page along with all other pages of our constitution were designed and decorated by Beohar Rammanohar Sinha of Jabalpur. As such, the page bears Sinha's short signature “Ram” in Devanagari lower-right corner. The calligraphy was done by Prem Behari Narain Raizada. The Preamble articulates the key objectives and aspirations that the Constitution promises to fulfil, Justice, upholding Liberty, ensuring Equality and dignity of the individual and assuring Fraternity.... . Our Constitution stresses to grow Fraternity among all with Equality and dignity of every individual. The addition of “Socialist” was adopted through the 42nd Amendment in 1976 and it reflects India’s commitment to achieving social and economic equality where there is an equitable distribution of wealth, resources, and opportunities, aiming to reduce economic inequalities among citizens. The declaration of India as a “Secular” state in the Preamble emphasises that the state does not have an official religion, all religions are equal irrespective of the strength of any one religion. It ensures that all religions are treated with equal respect.... and every individual has the right to follow and propagate religion of his /her choice. It separates religion from the State affairs. The term “republic” signifies a form of government where the head of state is elected by the people or their representatives, rather than being hereditary or appointed based on lineage. The term “justice” signifies the commitment of the Indian state to ensure social, economic, and political justice for all its citizens. The term ‘liberty” means the absence of restraints on the activities of individuals, along with providing opportunities for individual growth and development. The term “equality” means the absence of special privileges for any section of society and the provision of adequate opportunities for all individuals without any discrimination on the basis individual’s family likage, caste, creed, colour, economic status, place of birth and education slandered. The term “fraternity” emphasizes the importance of fostering a sense of brotherhood and unity among all citizens. For the pledge “WE THE PEOPLE”, H.V Kamat in October,1949, with some other members moved an amendment for it with the words “In the name of God”, but it was rejected by other members. Our Constitution is a living and working even without the name of “God”, in its body, and despite 106 amendments in it, it has not lost its authority and supremacy to exercise control over its Legislature, Executive, Judiciary wings, to give practical shape on ground to the promises made in the Preamble. Still God is Omnipresent and Almighty in religious faith of all. The speeches of Gandhi outside of the Constituent Assembly and of Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar in the Constituent Assembly made it clear that the State was the State, Religion was Religion, and the two were not to mix. Perhaps such government commitments towards its citizens welfare have never happened in foreseeable past. The Supreme Court of India, in its various judgments, has referred to the Preamble as the philosophy or the soul of the Indian Constitution, as it encapsulates the fundamental values and goals. It has also said that the basic structure of the Preamble cannot be amended. (Ref: Legal Service India https://www.legalserviceindia.com › legal) Despite the fact, Free Indian Constitution is having incorporated all excellent promises for developing India a welfare state, still Dr. Ambedkar in his speech on 25 November,1949 in the Constitution Assembly, gave warning to the political bosses to be care full for the success of the Constitution. He said, “I shall not therefore enter into the merits of the Constitution. Because I feel, however good a constitution may be, it is sure to turn out bad because those who are called to work it, happen to be a bad lot. However bad a constitution may be, it may turn out to be good if those who are called to work it, happen to be a good lot. The working of a Constitution does not depend wholly upon the nature of the Constitution. The Constitution can provide only the organs of State such as the Legislature, the Executive and the Judiciary. The factors on which the working of those organs of the State depends are the people and the political parties they will set up as their instruments to carry out their wishes and their politics”. It is the duty of every Indian (Male-Female), high or low, civilian or politician including men in uniform or men with plough, basket and shovels including all others professing any profession or trade, to “re-pledge”, to work toward the success of our constitution, to make India a welfare state as envisaged by framers of our Constitution. Besides enjoying their Constitutional Rights, they must faithfully discharge their duties towards our “Mother Land India.” Only then we can maintain integrity, unity, and welfare of all its citizens to help grow fraternity goal among all countrymen. So let us pledge on our 77th that we shall follow the cannons of law of the country as enshrined in our Constitution for all besides following our religious faiths as out individual faiths, separate from Constitutional working areas.

Need, and Writing the Constitution for Free India. (On the eve of celebration of the 77th Indian Republic Day falling on 26th January,2026) Compiler: Er. H. R. Phonsa India was freed on 15th Agust,1947 from the Britishers after nearly 200 years of their rule. At the time of independence, nearly 60% of its territory was under direct rule of Britishers and remaining over 40% was ruled by the Native Princely ruled (nearly 584) states. At the time of Indian independence, India, was 7th big country of this world, have spread over3.287 million Sq. cometographical area. It was in habituated by 330 million population. Its people followed main 9 religions, speaking over 19500 languages and dialects. To govern this much big country with incalculable problems, divergent religious faiths, it needed a workable form of government. It also had to amicably decide the fate and relation with Native Princely rulers who have enjoyed Sovern governing powers with in their kingdoms while maintaining internal autonomy but recognized British authority for defence and foreign affairs. They needed human mindset and political vision of new Indian government to decide their fate in free India. So as per Cabinet Mission of August ,1946, elections to Provincial Assemblies were held and a committee of 389 elected representatives were appointed to frame the free India’s Constitution with 93 representatives of the Native kings and 4 representatives from the Chief Commissioners were nominated. The team included 73 members from the All-India Muslim League (IML). With India’s division into two Independent Unions e.g. India and Pakistan, there remained 299(193 Hindu incl. 33 SC members to frame Constitution of India. It was represented by 13 women, with Shrimati Dakshayani Velayudhan from SC communities. On division of Indian Union, the native kings were given three options like either joining India or Pakistan or remain independent. Three kingdoms Hyderabad, J&K, Junagarh) opted to remain independent in the first instant, but later became part of India, by Police Action of Hydrabad, Accession of Kashmir and take over of Junagarh through plebiscite, when India got 222,184 votes and Pakistan 130 votes, out of total population of 720,000. The job of drafting constitution of free India was started in right earnest, when twenty -Two committees, with 8 as major and 14 as minor were formed to frame Constitution for free India. Baba Saheb Bhim Rao Ambedkar was nominated to head the Constitution Drafting Committee by Dr. Rajinder Prasad’, who was nominated to head the Constitution framing committee as he the first President India. Choice of type of Government: There exited a variety of government in the world and India had to choose one from them. Democratic: Direct Democracy, Representative Democracy (Republic Government, Parliamentary Government), Constitutional monarchy Non-Democratic: Authoritarian, Totalitarian, Oligarchy, Technocracy, Theocracy, Dictatorship, Absolute monarchy, Semi-presidential republic, one-party communist state. Other Types: Autocratic, Coloristic. India had the experienced major types of such governments during different times. Till, first century it had democratic typed governments. The Sangha were Parliaments which knew and observed all the rules of Parliamentary Procedure known to modern times. They had rules regarding seating arrangements, rules regarding Motions, Resolutions, Quorum, Whip, Counting of Votes, Voting by Ballot, Censure Motion, Regularization, Res Judicata (a matter judged), etc. It has seen monarchical rules of kings, where King was Judge, policeman, administer, treasury officer, executor and forgiver of punishments. If a king or his representative committed mistake and unjustified cruelty there was no remedy available, as king was not answerable to any other authority. Raja was beyond the approach of poor and uninfluential persons as he remained surrounded by his relatives, sycophants wazirs, religious peers, army, police heads etc. Kings were from caste conscious family’s hierarchy or by military rebellions. Their main concern was protection of their territories, concern for their personal comforts strictly follow their family and religion norms and worked for progress of such concerns. Well-fair of masses was seen as their last worry. Masses suffered due to irrational and strict religious rules. In past world had witnessed in some country’s theocracy rule, where the ultimate leader is a supreme deity, who rules either directly as a god in human form or indirectly through mortal servants—typically a religious clergy—who ruled on the deity’s behalf. With their laws based on religious codes and decrees, the governments of theocracies serve their divine leader or leaders rather than the citizens. As a result, theocracies were often oppressive in function, with strict rules and harsh punishments for rule-breakers. In the past the religious clergies, confidents of kings troubled intectual’s like Galileo, Socrates, Plato, Haqiqat Rai, Sarmad, Guru Tej Bahadur along with his young grand- sons ,Guru Arjun Dev, Sham- buke and many more were put to death for uncontested crimes. Even the success of government based on Russian and China type Communists governments, in major Hindu religion divided in numerous castes based, practising untouchability like hates was thought to be impactable in modern time of science-based advancing world. Irrational laws were resisted by men of wisdom who expounded rational reformative ways like Bhagati and Protestant Movements, till now, their teaching are not accepted by irrational religion peers. Majority of above given types of government were not suited to India, as it had majority population of illiterates (12% literacy with males 19% literates), uninfluential, poor, caste supressed and segregated masses, who needed equality in social, economic fields and dignified rational law-based government, their long-time cherished dream. Prime Minister Pt. Nehru suggested the name of Sir Ivor Jennings (1903-1965) a British lawyer, to frame Indian Constitution. But the proposal was not approved by Mahatma Gandhi, who wanted a native Indian to be assigned such an important work to maintain country’s image that it can manage its affairs in its own way. Mahatma Gandhi suggested Dr. Ambedkar’s name for the Constitution writing, he knew the wisdom of Dr. Ambedkar a highest economist with D. Sc from London University and top jury with Bar-at-Law from Gray’s Inn London. Although Dr. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi were severe critics of each other in respect of politics and empowering Depressed classes in all life sphere’s, still they carried respect for each other in their private life for each other’s wisdom, sacrifices and commitments for Indian welfare and human values. Dr. Ambedkar who was assigned the job of Drafting Constitution for India was a top world class academician, having studied in world’s top and reputed Institutions and had earned his D.Sc. (London), M.A., Ph.D., and LL.D. (Columbia), D.Litt. (Osmania), and Bar-at-Law (London) besides many Honorary Degrees from world famous institutions of learning. He had studies 64 subjects, knew 10 languages besides studying world’s Constitutions and meeting world constitution authorities. He also had mass following of poor, depressed, supressed, neglected, illiterate, naked, ill fed human like Skelton of mass. But they were numbered millions, about 20% of Hindu Population. He was world class writer, economist, jurist and administrator, who had served on high positions in India including the Labour Member of Viceroy’s council besides having his own political party “All India Scheduled Castes Federation”. For drafting constitution of free India, the most important committee was the Constitution drafting Committee of seven members, headed by Dr. Ambedkar, the first Law Minister of free India was formed formulated on 29 August,1947, with primary duty to scrutinize and frame the Constitution. The committee worked under challenging circumstances to prepare a comprehensive exclusive legal frame work for free India. First draft copy of the Constitution was submitted on 21st February 1948. The committee worked dedicatedly for 2 years,11 months and 18 days to draft it. The final copy was submitted on 26th November,1949 of the world’s voluminous Constitution with 117369 words, and 234 pages and costing to Nation Rs 6.4 million. It contained initially 395 Articles in 22 parts and 8 Schedules The constitution drafting committee adopted democratic type government for India to be elected, every five years, through adult franchise. It was debated and adopted as the best form of government out of all forms of governments known to rule India. Now, no individual was singly powerful in governing arrangements envisaged, as real power lied with masses, in equal proportion as individual. Democracy is top choice of governance, as in 2024 in the 195 world countries 71 have democracies with India largest of all. The Preamble: It is mirror and scale to view and measure, the actions of governments, whether they are following constitution correctly or not, in their working and policies of constitutional promises of chieving the set goals of governance, to make India a welfare state. It was defined, by eminent Indian jurists, N.A. Palkhivala as the “Identity Card of the Constitution” and K.M. Munshi as, the “Political Horoscope of the Constitution”. The Preamble reads as: WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION. The Preamble page along with all other pages of our constitution were designed and decorated by Beohar Rammanohar Sinha of Jabalpur. As such, the page bears Sinha's short signature “Ram” in Devanagari lower-right corner. The calligraphy was done by Prem Behari Narain Raizada. The Preamble articulates the key objectives and aspirations that the Constitution promises to fulfil, Justice, upholding Liberty, ensuring Equality and dignity of the individual and assuring Fraternity.... . Our Constitution stresses to grow Fraternity among all with Equality and dignity of every individual. The addition of “Socialist” was adopted through the 42nd Amendment in 1976 and it reflects India’s commitment to achieving social and economic equality where there is an equitable distribution of wealth, resources, and opportunities, aiming to reduce economic inequalities among citizens. The declaration of India as a “Secular” state in the Preamble emphasises that the state does not have an official religion, all religions are equal irrespective of the strength of any one religion. It ensures that all religions are treated with equal respect.... and every individual has the right to follow and propagate religion of his /her choice. It separates religion from the State affairs. The term “republic” signifies a form of government where the head of state is elected by the people or their representatives, rather than being hereditary or appointed based on lineage. The term “justice” signifies the commitment of the Indian state to ensure social, economic, and political justice for all its citizens. The term ‘liberty” means the absence of restraints on the activities of individuals, along with providing opportunities for individual growth and development. The term “equality” means the absence of special privileges for any section of society and the provision of adequate opportunities for all individuals without any discrimination on the basis individual’s family likage, caste, creed, colour, economic status, place of birth and education slandered. The term “fraternity” emphasizes the importance of fostering a sense of brotherhood and unity among all citizens. For the pledge “WE THE PEOPLE”, H.V Kamat in October,1949, with some other members moved an amendment for it with the words “In the name of God”, but it was rejected by other members. Our Constitution is a living and working even without the name of “God”, in its body, and despite 106 amendments in it, it has not lost its authority and supremacy to exercise control over its Legislature, Executive, Judiciary wings, to give practical shape on ground to the promises made in the Preamble. Still God is Omnipresent and Almighty in religious faith of all. The speeches of Gandhi outside of the Constituent Assembly and of Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar in the Constituent Assembly made it clear that the State was the State, Religion was Religion, and the two were not to mix. Perhaps such government commitments towards its citizens welfare have never happened in foreseeable past. The Supreme Court of India, in its various judgments, has referred to the Preamble as the philosophy or the soul of the Indian Constitution, as it encapsulates the fundamental values and goals. It has also said that the basic structure of the Preamble cannot be amended. (Ref: Legal Service India https://www.legalserviceindia.com › legal) Despite the fact, Free Indian Constitution is having incorporated all excellent promises for developing India a welfare state, still Dr. Ambedkar in his speech on 25 November,1949 in the Constitution Assembly, gave warning to the political bosses to be care full for the success of the Constitution. He said, “I shall not therefore enter into the merits of the Constitution. Because I feel, however good a constitution may be, it is sure to turn out bad because those who are called to work it, happen to be a bad lot. However bad a constitution may be, it may turn out to be good if those who are called to work it, happen to be a good lot. The working of a Constitution does not depend wholly upon the nature of the Constitution. The Constitution can provide only the organs of State such as the Legislature, the Executive and the Judiciary. The factors on which the working of those organs of the State depends are the people and the political parties they will set up as their instruments to carry out their wishes and their politics”. It is the duty of every Indian (Male-Female), high or low, civilian or politician including men in uniform or men with plough, basket and shovels including all others professing any profession or trade, to “re-pledge”, to work toward the success of our constitution, to make India a welfare state as envisaged by framers of our Constitution. Besides enjoying their Constitutional Rights, they must faithfully discharge their duties towards our “Mother Land India.” Only then we can maintain integrity, unity, and welfare of all its citizens to help grow fraternity goal among all countrymen. So let us pledge on our 77th that we shall follow the cannons of law of the country as enshrined in our Constitution for all besides following our religious faiths as out individual faiths, separate from Constitutional working areas.

Bhima Koregaon Vijay Divas This battle took place on January 1st, 1818, near the banks of Bhima River in Koregaon (north-west of Pune) between few hundred (just 500 of them) Mahar soldiers from the British regiment of a Bombay Native Light Infantry and the Peshwa army that constituted 20,000 horsemen and 8,000 infantry soldiers. After marching down for more than 27 miles, from Shirur to Bhima Koregaon without food and water, the untouchable warriors fought the Peshwas army for next 12 hours and by the end of the day defeated them completely. It was an attempt by the untouchables of Maharashtra to break the shackles of the age-old caste order. The saga of the bravery of Mahar soldiers was commemorated by the British in 1851, when they erected a Pillar (Vijay Stambh) at Koregaon inscribing the names of 22 Mahar soldiers who were martyred in this battle. The pillar still stands today reminding all of us about the bravery of our forefathers and as an inspiration for our struggle against caste-system. Baba Saheb Dr. B. R. Ambedkar used to visit Koregaon every year on 1st January to pay homage to the untouchable soldiers and to exhort Dalits to show similar courage and determination to end Reactionary Brahminism from the entire country. On 1st January, 1927, he organised a big convention in Koregaon and brought the memories of bravery of the untouchable soldiers in public knowledge. Baba Saheb was against unscientific religious thinking based on the division of labourers in the disguise of division of labour. The Mahars fought the war from the British side and won, to show their bravery skills to Peshwas, as Peshwas had banned Mahar entry in Peshwa army, police, government services. Dalits ,in the Peshwa rule, were the worst hit socially and educationally and denied government employment. The Peshwas (Maharashtrian Brahmins) treated Dalit even worst than animals, despite the fact, they knew, that a Dalit Jiva Mahala (Nai), the body guard of Maratha pride Shivaji Maharaj, saved life of Shivaji Maharaj from Afzal Khan, during their one-to-one meeting. Let us bow of head to the valour of these heros of the day. भीमा कोरेगांव विजय दिवस यह लड़ाई 1 जनवरी, 1818 को कोरेगांव (पुणे के उत्तर-पश्चिम में) के भीमा नदी के किनारे हुई थी, जिसमें कुछ सैकड़ों (सिर्फ 500) महार सैनिकों ने बंबई नेटिव लाइट इन्फेंट्री के ब्रिटिश रेजिमेंट से और पेशवा सेना का सामना किया, जिसमें 20,000 घुड़सवार और 8,000 पैदल सैनिक थे। शिरुर से भीमा कोरेगांव तक 27 मील से ज्यादा की यात्रा बिना खाने-पानी के करने के बाद, अस्पृश्य योद्धाओं ने अगले 12 घंटे तक पेशवा सेना से लड़ाई की और दिन के अंत तक उन्हें पूरी तरह मात दी। यह महाराष्ट्र के अस्पृश्य लोगों द्वारा प्राचीन जातिगत व्यवस्था की बेड़ियों को तोड़ने का प्रयास था। महार सैनिकों की वीरता की गाथा को ब्रिटिशों ने 1851 में स्मरण किया, जब उन्होंने कोरेगांव में एक स्तंभ (विजय स्तंभ) स्थापित किया और इस लड़ाई में शहीद हुए 22 महार सैनिकों के नाम खुदवाए। ये स्तंभ आज भी खड़ा है और हम सभी को हमारे पूर्वजों की बहादुरी की याद दिलाता है तथा जाति-व्यवस्था के खिलाफ हमारे संघर्ष के लिए प्रेरणा देता है। बाबा साहेब डॉ. बी. आर. अम्बेडकर हर साल 1 जनवरी को कोरेगाँव जाते थे ताकि छुआछूत के सैनिकों को श्रद्धांजलि अर्पित कर सकें और दलितों को इसी तरह का साहस और दृढ़ संकल्प दिखाने के लिए प्रेरित कर सकें जिससे पूरी देश में प्रतिक्रियावादी ब्राह्मणवाद का अंत हो सके। 1 जनवरी, 1927 को उन्होंने कोरेगाँव में एक बड़ा सम्मेलन आयोजित किया और छुआछूत के सैनिकों की बहादुरी की यादों को सार्वजनिक रूप से लाया। बाबा साहेब गैरवैज्ञानिक धार्मिक सोच के खिलाफ थे, जो श्रमिकों के विभाजन के बहाने किए गए श्रम विभाजन पर आधारित थी। महारों ने ब्रिटिश पक्ष से युद्ध लड़ा और जीत हासिल की, ताकि पेशवाओं को अपनी बहादुरी दिखा सकें, क्योंकि पेशवाओं ने महारों के पेशवा सेना, पुलिस, सरकारी सेवाओं में प्रवेश पर प्रतिबंध लगा रखा था। पेशवा शासन में दलित सामाजिक और शैक्षिक रूप से सबसे ज्यादा प्रभावित थे और उन्हें सरकारी नौकरी से भी वंचित रखा गया। पेशवाओं (महाराष्ट्रीय ब्राह्मणों) ने दलितों के साथ जानवरों से भी बदतर व्यवहार किया, इसके बावजूद कि उन्हें पता था कि एक दलित जीव महाला (नाई), जो मराठा गौरव शिवाजी महाराज का अंगरक्षक था, ने अफजल खान से होने वाली एक-से-एक बैठक में शिवाजी महाराज की जान बचाई थी।आइए हम दिन के इन नायकों की वीरता के प्रति अपना सिर झुकाएँ।

Constitution DayOf India falling on 26th November,2015) Composer: Er.H. R. Phonsa, Jammu Every year 26th November is celebrated in India as its National Constitution Day of India, also known as Samvidhan Divas from 19 November, 2015 to commemorate the adoption of the Indian Constitution, when the Government of India decided to commemorate 26 November 1949, the date on which the Constitution was adopted. The day honours the vision of the Constituent Assembly and reinforces the role of constitutional values in shaping India’s democracy. Prior to 2015, the day was observed informally as Law Day by legal institutions. The renaming highlighted the need to recognise the Constitution’s transformative impact on India’s socio-political fabric. The celebration pays tribute to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and the Constituent Assembly for laying India’s democratic foundation.... Read more at: https://vajiramandravi.com/current-affairs/constitution-day-of-india/ Let us re-visit in brief the tale of framing of the Indian Constitution with vision of its framers. After facing a unified action from Indian Kings to coolies in the First War of Indian Independence (Sepoy Mutiny)1857 the Britishers could judge that it was difficult for them to rule over India for too long. Indian had started to show resistant even armed rebellion to their grievances, due to Britisher’s wrong polices and actions. So, the Britishers decided to gradually extend constitutional rights to Indians under the Act of 1892. This Act laid the foundation of Parliamentary system in India and considered as the landmark in the constitutional development of India. Again in 1906 Lord Morley( Secretary of State for India)- announced in British Parliament that Britain Government intends to give more powers to Indian locals in elected bodies as agreed to by Lord Minto (Viceroy and Governor-General of India). Under Morley -- Minto Reforms 1909 (Govt. of India Act 1909) direct elections were introduced to increase the participation of Indians in government affairs. This process continued and under GOI Act 1935, on 19 September 1945, the Viceroy Lord Wavell announced that elections to the central and provincial legislatures would be held in December 1945 to January 1946, which were held in January 1946. In the election Congress won 923 (54%) and AIML 425 (46%). It was also announced that an executive council would be formed and a constitution-making body would be convened after these elections. Interim Govt. was sworn in with Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru as Prime Minister. He requested the British Prime Minister Mr. Attlee to suggest him a name of international constitutional expert who had drafted a constitution of any Asian country. Clement Attlee suggested the name of Sir Ivor Jennings and he was about to call him but preferred to seek Gandhi’s blessings. Nehru along with Dr. Sarojni Naidu went to Gandhiji seeking his blessings on the matter. Gandgi Ji disapproved their suggestion. He advised Nehru to hand over the onerous job to Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and provide 5 men at his disposal who would give you a constitution for the free India. This way hurdle for Drafting free India’s Constitution was solved. Dr. Ambedkar had got elected for Provincial Assembly from Bengal, in bye election, on July 20, 1946, but was included in the Interim Government formed on 2nd September, 1946, due to Congress leadership difference with Baba Sahib. Two SC members Babu Jagjivan Ram from (Cong.) and J.N. Mandal (SCF) from AIML quotas, were included. Mr. Ram was given labour and Mandal Law Minister portfolio. So, Mandal a Namosudra became Law Minister Of united India and later Baba Saheb became First Law Minister of free India. The members to frame Constitution of free India were elected /nominated in August, 1946 under Cabinet Plan 1946. This team of 389, among them 292 were already elected in January and 93 were nominated from native (States ruled by native rulers) states and 4 from Chief Commissioner’s provinces. This team had included 73 AIML members. Due unkind blessing of hardliner and illiberal leaders, the country was partitioned and landed its habitants in worst human tragedy of twentieth century. About 14.5 million people crossed the borders. Estimates of the number of deaths vary, with low estimates at 200,000 and high estimates at 2,000,000. To rule successfully independent India ,7th biggest country of world with 3.287 million Sq kms area holding 330 million population( 1947), following 9 main religions , speaking 19500 languages and dialects. There was need to amicably decide the fate and relation with Native Princely (nearly 584) states who may decide to join Indian domain. The Native Princely States ruled 48% of united Indian area. To judicially attend to all such problems requiring solution. As such a National Rule book or “Constitution” was urgently needed to hold so big country. Jawahar Lal Nehru promised with British Primer C.R. Attlee to fame constitution in two months, but failed and decision taken to postponed freedom till 13th June, 1948. On request from Pt. J. L. Nehru Attlee suggested the name of Sir Ivor Jennings (1903-1965) a British lawyer, to frame Indian Constitution. They were reluctant to accomplish this gigantic task. When Baba Saheb Ambedkar lost elections in January 1946, the Congress leaders were jubilant and Sardar Patel is reported to have remarked that they have closed all doors, windows and even ventilators for Dr. Ambedkar to enter Parliament. The Congress exertion on this was solved on intervention of Gandhi Ji and Baba Saheb Ambedkar was selected to frame Indian Constitution. (rlkaindgarden@gmail.com). Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha was the first temporary chairman of the Constituent Assembly. In the process Dr. Rajinder Prasad, was appointed as president of Constitution Assembly on 11 Dec.1946. 1. With Indian Independence on 15 August,1947, first Union Cabinet was sworn in with Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru as Prime Minister. Dr Baba Saheb B.R. Ambedkar, a non congress member, became the First Law Minister of India. After Indian divide, the team for Indian Constitution Drafting was reduced from 389 to 299 (193 Hindu incl. 33 SC) including thirteen women having 01 from Scheduled Castes, named Shrimati Dakshayani Velayudhan. Later Baba Saheb Ambedkar was elected as Chairman of Constitution Drafting Committee on 29 August, 1947. Dr. Ambedkar the most academically qualified person in the team who had studied 64 subjects and knew 10 Indian and foreign languages. When partition of India was decided and areas which part of Pakistan dominion. So members who opted to remain in India, despite their constitutes areas forming Pakistan Part lost to be member of Indian Constituency and Visa verse. Dr. Ambedkar’s Constituency was transferred to Pakistan on so he lost his right to be member of Constitution Drafting Committee. Now the Congress had no way out than to support and get Baba Saheb re-elected afresh from Bombay. He was re-elected on July 3, 1947. The task of framing Constitution for free India was divided into 22 Sub Committees. The constitution framing took 2 years, 11 months and 18 days and was finally adopted on 26 November, 1949. It came into force from 26 January 1950. Indian Nation spent Rs 6.4 million in framing the Constitution initially containing 395 Articles, 3 Schedules. By July 2025 our Constitution stands amended 106 times