Appeal to Readers of this blog. Dear brothers/Sisters The Blog was created to share general information’s, particularly about Dalit Icons, Dalit problems with suggested measures to solve those problems . The respond from you all is very encouraging for which I remain indebted to my readers. The collective views of all the three blogs readers viz Deprived classes (81 essays), Dalit vision (122 essay) and Dalit Society (81essays) has reached over 2,66,600. Also, I find some short coming in the material posted, particularly related to Icon’s Castes, Dates of their birth/death, as pointed out by my esteemed readers. Some readers while pointing out some short comings also project as it was due to my deliberate effort to high light or down grade any particular Caste. To those readers, my humble submission is, I pursue no financial/business interests through this Blog, it was created to only share knowledge, based on already written material available on different site, books, I could lay hand to read, forming source of material shared here. New research is going on in the world in different institutions and new facts are being churned out daily. It is not humanly possible to read/takr note such material, particularly by an advanced aged individual like me, and update material here daily. Knowledge sharing need be a joint effort, if any one of my readers finds short coming in respect of the material shared here, he/she can simply share it with me giving his/her source, I shall be glade to share the same here, giving the source of new material. I have no interest in the Blog write up other than sharing knowledge/information, so no personal ego, no rigidity in adopting changes, if a valid source is shared. The only lapse can be a bit delay, due to reduced working time because of my advanced age. All readers are therefore requested to help to make it really a reliable source of information/knowledge. Er. Hem Raj Phonsa

Was Dr. Ambedkar a Liberator of Dalits only ? By: Er. H. R. Phonsa One can only feel sorry to note that Indian Parliament (18th LS) session, called for marking the 75th anniversary of the adoption of its Constitution with other business utilised its scheduled time to the extent of only 52% (LS) and 39%(RS), knowing well every minute of our Parliament costs tax payers Rs 2,50,000/- per minute. It was still more unfortunate that the major controversy involved and chairman of Indian Constitution Drafting Committee Baba Saheb Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, who laboured with, his reduced team, for 2 years,11 months and 18 days to write World’s best Constitution. The controversy originated from the reply to the debate by Hon’ble Home Minister in Rajya Sabha on 17th Deccember,2024, where he said: “There is a fashion these days — Ambedkar, Ambedkar, Ambedkar, Ambedkar, Ambedkar… Had you chanted the name of God these many times, you would have been blessed with heaven in seven births.” Shah’s tone and tenor was one of aggression was stated by “the Wire”. The opposition MPs in Parliament and Indian Public on roads objected to the statement of the Indian Home Minister .Let us examine, why so many people world over , in all life spheres, remember daily and on many special occasions Bharat Ratna Baba Saheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Many of Dr. Ambedkar’s followers who take him as their Guide, perhaps has no concept of heaven comforts after death. It is also a common knowledge that humans remember their elders (Living or dead) for their help, good deeds and sane advises, which they rendered during their life time. Dr. Ambedkar created many worlds records during his life time. He also worked for the welfare of his people, who lived life even worse than animals. He fought to raise them as human, who could now rightfully enjoy all constitutional laws of the land. Such peoples are over 75% of Indian population. Symbol of world knowledge” Baba Saheb had earned in whole world super academic education degrees. He knew ten languages (Sanskrit included). He had written and deliberated on all world subjects, particularly on the problems and remedies of deprived people. So, anyone who wants to speak or write on important subjects like economics, law, anthropology, politics, religion, education, women empowerment etc. consults the writing of Baba Saheb for guidance even after seven decades of his demise. So, there should not have been any controversy on Dr. Ambedkar’s name reciting, as he has already been declared in survey of 10,000 years for 100 persons by Oxford University as one among 4 at the top (Budha, Mahaveera, Ashoka, Dr. Ambedkar) who worked for world But irruption of a controversy to remember Dr. Ambedkar from Indian Parliament, to which people look for justice and healthy, well-balanced wise thoughts and guidance’s, is unfortunate. Baba Saheb Dr. Ambedkar like many others world leaders challenged powerful rulers and religious authorities, for the denied rights of his people, so, cannot be defaulted. Many such Contenders were executed to silence their voice, but he was lucky to get escaped from 10 deadly attacks on him, as Baba Saheb objected to toe their line of thinking. Our freedom struggle carries numerous stories of such rebels, to whom we now respect as Shaheeds (Martyrs). Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar’s contest was for freedom of India from British Raj in addition to his people’s freedom from religious subjugation and for their denied equality before law of the land. He was born as a low caste Hindu (Mahar) so he bore worst life treatment from non-else but his own high caste religious persons, who openly claimed/claim Hinduism incomplete without low caste shudras (now OBC, SCs and STs). Despite the facts Shudra practised works and crafts for everybody’s comforts, still all worldly progress doors of education, decent means of employment and dignified life were closed for them till, Baba Saheb and other Dalit freedom icons shake them vigorously and lawfully opened for all Indians. Manu, the Aryan Law giver made inequality as key to award privileges and punishments for Hindus on the basis of caste gradation. Manu declared, the punishments need reflect the caste order, with the leniency being reserved for the Brahmin and graded severity for the three lower varnas. Hardest punishment for Shudras as per Manu's Law (unit 6). Baba Saheb declared it as root cause discriminations on the basis of caste among Hindus, so burnt on 25Th December,1925. Against the Hindu text laws based on inequality Baba Saheb Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar, whom many called as modern Manu in the Indian Constitution, he drafted ,guaranteed equality before the law for all persons within the country, regardless of rank or condition of an individual(Art 14) ; Art.15 Prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth ;Art.16 Guarantees equality of opportunity in public employment ; Art.17 Abolished untouchability and any discrimination or disability that arises from it and Article 21 guarantees right to life and liberty for everybody. Article 19 guaranteed Freedom of Speech and Expression, peaceful assembly, forming associations or unions or co-operative societies, right to move freely and settle anywhere within territory of India. Article 21 guarantees Protection of life and Personal Liberty according to procedure established by law. Similarly, Article 13(1) States that any law in force before the Constitution that is inconsistent with the fundamental rights is void and 13(2) States that the state cannot make any law that takes away or limits the rights guaranteed in Part III of the Constitution. While outlaying his commitment for the upliftment of all Shudra castes he said in Bombay Legislative Council in 1927 “Whenever there is a conflict between my personnel interests and the interests of country as a whole, I have always placed the claims of the country above my personnel claims --- when there is a conflict in interests between country and the Untouchables, the untouchable’s interests will take precedence over the interests of the country”. The population of those to whom Baba Saheb declared as servile (Shudra) classes, was as much as 18.93% of the British India population as per censes of 1901, 1911,1921against 5.52% Brahmins population. Even a stone hearted person shall melt on hearing that a Mahar caste woman was taken to the police court, citing her crime of selling watermelons in open and in Bomey Presidency having then population of 22,081,317(1911) and there was one BA and 6-7 Matriculates in 1918-19 (Dr. Ambedkar memorandum to South -borough Committee). Severely hurt by Hindu’s treatment towards his people with no indications for any change in their behaviour, Baba Saheb in his meeting with the South -borough Committee (27 Jan.1919) demanded equal rights in future Constitution of India for Depressed Classes, as a Separate Minority within Hindu religion, and not as Hindus. Dr. Ambedkar was convinced that most of Hindus leaders (Political and religious) including Gandhi ji were opposed to give Constitutional Rights to Shudras or restructure Hinduism on equality for all. For Such bold speaking, he was taken as a defiant of Hindu religion. But Hindu leaders had already agreed to give such rights to Muslims, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Europeans Anglo Indians communities. Dr. Ambedkar even challenged the Britishers in RTCs to leave India forth with, as they had failed to bring any change for betterment the Indian subservient classes, in their 170 years rule. Dr. Ambedkar betted for freedom to India, with freedom to “Slaves to the British Slaves”. Even in feudal governments, Brahmins were comfortable and Shudras sufferer. Baba Saheb hard labour brought Honour to India and welfare of all Indians. To cut slavery chains of Hindu women Dr. Ambedkar drafted and moved in Parliament, Hindu Code Bill. It was withdrawn by Nehru, due to its opposition by majority Hindu Political& Religious (Misguided women included), leaders. Still later governments could not negate it for long and passed in parts, so Indian women got equality with men in all spheres. For this, Indian women feel indebted to the first Law Minister. He pleaded for freedom to India, as united India in his1946 London press conference as per 1935 Act, proving wrong to those who claimed that Baba Saheb was supporter of division of India on caste lines. (Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar By Dhanjay Keer pages 139, 384). When Churchill in 1942 directed to put all Indian leaders in Andemans and Seyshells jails for their support to “Quit India Movement”. Dr. Ambedkar (Member of Viceroy’s Council) alone had courage to object the PM’s proposals in Council Meeting saying “Gandhi, Nehru, Rajinder Babu etc.” were national heroes and were fighting for independence to India, which was not a crime. Records show Dr. Ambedkar refused all temptations like British Knighthood title with support for his proposals to empowering his SCs/ST people, crores cash offer of Nizam Hyderabad, Premiership offer of Patiala King, if, he enmass their religions, so proving his opponents wrong who termed him as enemy of Hindus. Dr. Ambedkar founded the Peoples Education Society in 1945 depicts his vision for education to all is now benefitting over 50,000 students from all Castes and religions. Indian labour came from all castes, regions, religions and as Labour member in Viceroy’s Council (1942-46), Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar got enactment for the labour welfare Laws as: Reduction of working hours from12-14 to 8; Health Insurance Scheme; Labour Welfare Funds; Provident Fund Act; Minimum wage; Equal wages for equal work for all; Leave benefits for even piece workers; Dearness Allowance benefits; Maternity leave with pay benefit; Minimum wages Act; Periodic Revision of Scale of Pay; Tripartite resolution of Industrial disputes; Ban on Employment of Women on Underground Work in Coal Mines; Making Indian Factory Act; National Employment Agency (Establishing Employment Exchanges), States and Union Public Commissions etc. The RBI was established in 1935 following Baba Saheb ‘s research experiences publications for his PhD, DSc Degrees. He also proposed many other financial institutions including Finance Commission, planning commission etc. A few of Baba Saheb’s visionary planned projects included the many Multipurpose Hydrolectric Projects on rivers for benefits of whole of India. He also planned: India’s Water Policy; Electric Power Planning; Post War Economic Planning and Indian Statistical Law. Commenting on the Indian Constitution and Baba Saheb Ambedkar: Justice M.C. Chagla, Cabinet Minister, CJ of HC Bombay and long-time colleague of Dr. Ambedkar, said “Every Bhartiya citizen would remember gratefully the name of Dr. Ambedkar, when they enjoyed his, her rights”. These all facts undoubtedly show that Baba Saheb Ambedkar worked for all Indian and they all owe indebted to him. Words :1756 Dated 30-12-2024

Evaluation of Indian’s working to upheld Constitutional Spirit for 75 years. By: Er. H. R. Phonsa Need of a Constitution: In Autocracy the whole government revolved around single “PILLAR” the, King. The ruler is personification Rule. Though mostly tyrannical,still his word was sole Judiciary and the Executive decisions, approachable by only a few i.e. his relatives, advisors, and sycophants. Therefore, common people daily needs remained unattended. Governance of rulers suited but to only a few so generated clashes of interest, which resulting into many revolutions, wars, fights and blood sheds. The suffering masses struggled to change rulers. Our ancestors sacrificed lives faced atrocities to get India freed, from the foreign ruling yoke of 200 years. India got hard earned freedom on 15August, 1947 from the Britisher’s. Indian public had suffered under Monarchic democracy of the British democracy governance and had witnessed USA democracy working under elected President with their shortcomings, so wanted still better system of governing. Therefore, an Indian visionary team of 389 (reduced to 299 after partition ) with elected and nominated composition was formed to frame Indian Constitution, when India was still under the British rule 1946. The constitution was drafted under the World Symbol of Knowledge Dr. B. R. Ambedkar by 299 delegates from different castes, regions, religions, gender etc. World constitutional law experts declare the Indian constitution as best among all countries Constitutions, which declared in its Preamble, India a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic promising to secure to all its citizens Justice (social, economic and political), Liberty (of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship), Equality (of status and of opportunity) and to promote among them all Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation. Our Constitution was adoption on the 26th January,1949. Since the adoption of our Constitution India has excellently well in many fields, creating several world records. But at the same time many of our constitutional promises for welfare of millions of deprived Indians remain unfulfilled. Some unbiased media reporters point out problems and worries of deprived Indians. Disparities on living conditions and privileges enjoyed of Indian, point out slipping India into two Bharat’s, Privileged and Underprivileged. The Indian living in these two Bharat’s have hardly anything as equality of status or opportunity in social, economic, employment and delivery of justice. Hardening of caste line’s hate against one another is hitting hard to our fraternity pledge. Elite Indians have created a world of their own within India with fencing so high and strong that hardly any person from the poverty ridden deprived Bhartiya’s can think to penetrate in their domain. If anybody from deprived Indians, tries to question ways and means of Elites of raising their wealth and rights disproportionately. Such alarm raiser is frightened and humiliated. Time has shown that Elite’s concern for poor’s is to get their votes during elections by fair or foul means to harvest for them rich dividends of democracy. It looks as, if, India is being run as a business house of Elite Bhartiya and not a welfare state as per the canons of our Constitution for all Indians. Time has shown that all pleasures are for the Elite Bhartiya’s at the cost of all distresses to the deprived Bhartiya’s. Even after 77 years of independence 163 million Indian lac access to clean drinking water another 210 million lack access to improved sanitation so 21% of them suffer from communicable diseases. Against this elite’s enjoy filtered water from bottles and live in houses having latest sanitary systems. Powerful constitutional remedy of such disparities lies with four pillars (Legislature, Executive, Judiciary and the Media). The political control rests with politicians. Their seriousness of working effects control over quality of governance. Over the years the seriousness working of our elected representatives raises many fingers. On an average, Lok Sabha worked 81% of its scheduled time in the past 20 years. Travesty of facts id that Parliament was in session for 64 to 67 days a year on average in last 10 years, against 128 to 132 days allotted between 1952-1972 · During Budget Session of 17th Lok Sabha (January – April 2023) it worked (34.36%) and R.S (24.85%). The 1st Lok Sabhas averaged sitting was 133 (135) of its allotted time, recorded 55 sittings (Averaged) in 17th Parliament. (Ref: The Hindu Feb12,2024). Still their monthly salaries have alarmingly increased from Rs 500/ with daily allowance of Rs51/-(1951)- to Rs1,00,000/-salary with additional daily allowance Rs 2000/- excluding other host of additional facilities incl. Rs 5,00,00,000 as annual constituency Development fund (2023). Also running of the Parliament costed per minute Rs 100/- (1951) & Rs 2.5 Lacs minute (2023). A Parliament functioning below its optimal capacity and not fulfilling its full remit has other trickle-down effects, notably a decline in debates and questions taken by government members of Parliament (MPs). The present trend of ruling party that, when it soes not want to answer a question from opposition, the Parliament is adjourned, a most unfortunate. Falling in moral values is another worry as in Sixties two union Ministers resigned TT. Krishnamacharya Finance, and L. B. Shastri for railway resigned for alleged involvement in a Scan and occurrence of an accident. But in 2011 political party president when asked to comment on corruption charges on his party CM of Karnataka, he said whatever the CM has done was Immoral but not illegal. (The Punjab Kesri 13 Dec.2024). Dynastic politics in India is worrisome. Character, the basic need of our elected representatives has been narrated in available reports e.g. the Punjab Kesari (March 4, 2024) writes on ever increasing rates of them, involved in crimes like rape, murder, attempt to murder, kidnapping, and various crimes against women as mush as24% (2004); 30% (2009) and 34% of MP’s in (2016) How much careful they are about problems of 129 million Indians living in extreme poverty in 2024. Another agency reported that in 18th,17th parliament 46% and ~43% the MP’s are/were involved, some even convicted in such case. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_Lok_Sabha). Politics has become big and safe earning profession for elite and worry for disadvantaged. Some instances of how avoidable lapses in our working, effect the life of common Indian. A) Slums:In 2022, over 41% of India's urban population lived in slums. In Mumbai’s Dharavi has population density of 418,410/km2, where as in same Mumbai an Indian Billionaire lives in a house having 27 stories, 173 metres tall with constructed area of over 65,340 sq. ft, in land plot of 48,780 ft2 (09 Kanals). How can 2 million (20 lakhs) people living in Delhi slums (TOI 21/5/19 report) feel proud of their past political leaders whose Samadhi Grounds (Cremation grounds) has occupied 245 hectors prime land in Delhi, has no answer? B) Reservation in services as per their population is a Constitutional Right of disadvantaged Low Caste people. But government records show Ministries fail to honour it. In 2021, nine Ministries of central government had 82,022 reserved vacancies, but only 42% were filled. Lacs of post have gone unfilled or deserved on flimsy grounds over the years. c) Vested interest generated bills like reservation for EWS & Reorganisation of J&K State were passed with 5 days each, leaving unattended 35 Pending Bills(2001-2022) (NDTV January 30, 2023). D) National Crime Records Bureau, records of 86 rapes daily and (31,677) cases in 2021and (28,046) during 2020 It also records that the committing of crime against Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs)as (50,900 & 8,802cases in 2021; 57,582 & 10,064 in2022; respectively is nothing but unfortunate commentary to provide safety to weak. E) Equality of justice: As stated by former Union Minister of State, HRD, Upendra Kushwaha only 250-300 Gharanas (families) are sending Indian judiciary judges, so justice to poor by courts remains under shadow (Indian Express, January 19, 2019). Corruption is the first-hand enemy of underprivileged and a study by a Berlin-based NGO pegs India as ‘Most Corrupt Country in Asia-Pacific Region, where 54% people reported having paid bribe in 2009. (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics). Undisposed cases in Courts, in November 2024, were 410,71,411 in India . In 77 years of freedom only total 4-5 Judges from Scheduled castes comprising of a cluster of 1,109 castes with combined population 16.6% (2011) have reached SC of India when in the present (2024) bench of 33 Judges 36.4 % belong to single High caste castes having its population in India is only 4%. Who can be proud for such Judicial System under Indian Constitution is a big question. F) National wealth: Its distribution is highly questionable as 77% of National wealth is held by only 10% of rich population, whereas 50% of the bottom-line population holds just 6.4% of the country's wealth. At least 112,000 people working in the agricultural sector have committed suicide in the past 10 years including according to data by the NCRB. India ranked third globally in billionaire count of 185 in 2024, with their income tripled (263%) over the last 10 years as these185 hold 42.1% of National wealth. Records show in the last 10 years Rs 7,40,968 crore Bank loans were written off, meaning unlikely to recover, when India ranked 111th out of 125 countries in the 2023 GHI and about 81.35 crore people in India receive free food grains (PMGKAY) in operation since April,2020 with promised to continue another five years. Still more lapses can be counted. Common man’s such observations clearly points out, if necessary checks are not applied towards welfare of disadvantaged Indian masses then that it may reversed the definition of Indian Constitution as recorded by Granville Austinan , "Indian Constitution expresses the will of the many rather than the needs of the few." Indian National Interest lies in upholding Constitutional Spirit High.